EMPHYSEMA
Emphysema is a type of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Emphysema is defined as enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, with destruction of their walls of the alveoli. Blebs in respiratory airways Type 1 respiratory failure respiratory alkalosis Air trapping on exhalation and amount of air going out is lesser ↓ So FEV1 less than normal ↓ On giving Salbutamol, no change in FEV1 So it is a Non Reversible Air flow obstruction On examination : Breathlessness Exercise intolerance Tachypnoea Accessory muscle working excessively Barrel shaped chest ( anterioposterior diameter > Transverse diameter) Liver palpable (due to hyperinflation of lungs) work up : Spirometry HRCT (investigation of choice) - Blebs ABG - Type 1 Respiratory failure (Respiratory Alkalosis) DLco - Diffusion capacity of lung for carbon monoxide - decreased chest x-ray - Flattening of diaphragm - Tubular heart - Lungs appear more black than normal - Vascu...