METABOLIC ACIDOSIS(electrolyte imbalance)
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS It is a serious electrolyte disorder characterized by an imbalance in the body's acid - base balance CAUSES: (Mnemonic - KULT) K etoacidosis: DM/Starvation/alcoholic U remia : AKI/CKD/RAS(renal artery stenosis)/ATN(acute tubular necrosis) L actic acidosis : Type A: shock , CO poisoning Type B: DM/drugs- eg- phenformin,vancomycin Type D: short bowel syndrome,jejunoileal bypass surgery(carbohydrates fermentation:bacterial flora ferment and form D-lactate T oxins : Methyl alcohol : decrease alcohol dehydrogenase(antidote - fomepizole) ↓ formaldehyde formation occurs→retinal damage - blindness ↓ formic acid and H+ causes damage to BBB causing the encephalopathy Ethylene glycol (antifreeze agent) : consumption can cause precipitation of ca+ oxalate crystals and cause ATN TREATMENT: Fluid of choice: Ringer lactate sodium bicarbonate - if PH < 7.2,inspite of fluid resuscitation - give soda bicarbonates ...