NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
NEPHROTIC SYNDROME Massive proteinuria > 3.5 g/day Hypo albuminemia serum albumin < 2.5 gm% oncotic pressure decreased - oedema Increased lipids → accelerated atherosclerosis ↓ - SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus) - APLAS (Antiphospholipid antibodies syndrome) - Syndrome X - DM - Hypothyroidism Lipiduria - oral fat globules - CHYLURIA (FILARIASIS), fat embolism Loss of protein - C/S/ Anti thrombin III / Loss of albumin/ ferritin/ceruloplasmin fibrinogen - Normal/increased as it is also an acute phase reactant - state of HYPER COAGULABILITY - VTE(Venous thrombo embolism) ETIOLOGY Adults - FSGS (focal segmental glomerulo sclerosis) prediliction : nephrons at cortico medullary junction hence, always a possibility of diagnosis missed on kidney biopsy CLINICAL FEATURES Hematuria/cola colour urine hypertension - headache nephrotic range proteinuria - foamy urine renal in sufficiency (50%cases) in 6-8 yrs ETIOLOGY Id...