HYPOMAGNESEMIA (electrolyte imbalance)

HYPOMAGNESEMIA

  • It is an electrolyte disturbance in which there is a low level of magnesium
  • normal level - 1.3 -2.1 mEq/L


CAUSES:

  • diarrohea, alcoholics
  • Thiazides - inhibits TRPM6(transporter) which causes magnesium reabsorption
  • Amphotericin B
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Renal wasting: Gitelman syndrome 



PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
  • Decrease magnesium ￫ relaxation of blood vessel
  • Decrease magnesium ￫ inhibit PTH release ￫ decrease calcium and increase neuromuscular excitability


CLINICAL FEATURES:
  • Muscle cramps
  • HTN, HR↑, arrhythmia(Torsades de pointes)
  • Tremors/nystagmus/athetosis




WORK UP:
  • Serum magnesium
  • urine magnesium
  • ECG: prolonged QT - Torsades de pointes



TREATMENT:
IM /IV MgSO4 / Mg oxide /watch DTRs

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